One type of commercial water purification is reverse osmosis (RO). It uses the natural process of osmosis, in which weaker saline solutions migrate towards stronger saline solutions. Osmosis occurs when plants absorb water from the soil and when the kidneys absorb water from the blood. It’s been happening in nature for millions of years.
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With a push, you can reverse the process of osmosis. A semipermeable membrane allows the water through but stops the majority of salts, bacteria and other contaminants. The result is highly purified water. Most RO systems use between three and five membranes to catch as many different contaminants as possible. Higher pump pressure also helps to stop particles.
RO is effective for many applications, both industrial and commercial. The purified water it produces is safe for drinking, testing or use as an ingredient. RO is also a common technique for desalination, the process of removing salt from seawater.
Mechanical or media commercial water filtration uses filters with smaller and smaller pores to catch contaminants. The filters can be regular in shape, such as a mesh screen, or irregular in shape, such as a sponge. Different filters catch different particle types and sizes. Every so often, you’ll need to replace the filters as contaminants build up against them.
Many industries require mechanically filtered water. Mechanical filters can remove iron particles, which can corrode pipes. They provide a simple, effective way to remove unwanted particles from your water supply.
Ion exchange is a more technical process that’s ideal for removing specific contaminants. It’s often used in combination with other filtration methods, such as reverse osmosis. Ion exchange uses natural chemical reactions to replace unwanted ions with others — for instance, it might exchange calcium for sodium.
An ion exchange system is useful for removing inorganic particles, like calcium or magnesium. In most cases, you’ll need to combine an ion exchange system with another type of filtration for the most effective contaminant removal.
As its name suggests, a deionization filtration system involves the removal of ions — any particles with an electrical charge, either positive or negative. Examples include minerals, chloride, nitrates and carbonates. This process works by forcing water through positively and negatively charged resin beds, which attract the ions and make them stick.
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The process produces ultrapure water, which is useful for high-standard settings like food service or pharmaceuticals. The best systems use only electricity, keeping them chemical-free.
A popular type of deionization utilizes electricity to filter out ions. Electrodeionization or EDI uses direct-current electricity to force ions through membranes and resins. Once they’ve been collected into a stream, the ions are drainable or recyclable. Because the ion exchange beds constantly regenerate, buildup is not an issue. The process uses only electricity, so it’s chemical-free.
Like deionization, this process is useful for all kinds of high-standard industries, like hospitality and food service. One of its major benefits is its energy efficiency — it requires only electricity to yield ultrapure water.
An effective way to remove bacteria and viruses is through ultraviolet (UV) filtration. UV rays alter the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of bacteria and viruses. This process renders them unable to reproduce. Keep in mind that it’s necessary to pair a UV filtration system with another type of water filtration to remove larger contaminants.
UV filtration can make any water safer by killing disease-causing particles, so it’s popular in many commercial settings. It can also increase the life span of storage tanks and other equipment.
Scale inhibition is a bit more complicated than other filtration types. Scale refers to hard mineral deposits that accumulate over time. The minerals in the water solidify on the inside surface of a pipe or tank, which can cause backups and other issues. Scale inhibitors are special chemicals that delay or prevent this buildup from occurring.
Reducing or preventing scale buildup is often necessary. Scale inhibition lengthens the life span of pipes, tanks and other equipment. It’s useful in many different commercial settings.
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